Ekaterina Igorevna Kovaleva
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Radial migration of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils of Sakhalin island based on laboratory lysimetric experimentsMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2021. 3. p.70-78read more470
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The estimation of the radial migration of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil profile and their inflow into lysimetric leachates was done to establish acceptable TPH limits in main soil types of Sakhalin Island. The maximum concentrations of TPH, especially medium and high-boiling fractions of TPH, were accumulated in peat and humus horizons, as well as in soil horizons, characterized by heavy loam or clay granulometric composition, which could be considered as radial geochemical barriers to the migration of pollutants. Benzene and its homologues were detected in filtrates from soil monoliths, after passing a water volume corresponding to three-quarters of the annual precipitation, yet these compounds were not revealed after passing the annual precipitation rate through the soil. The toxicity of the leachates was assessed in bioassay with ceriodaphnia and ciliates. The criteria for establishing the acceptable TPH norms in soils according water migration index can be: concentration of TPH, the content of monoaromatic compounds in leachates and their toxicity for hydrobionts in lysimetric experiments.
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The reaction of higher plants to the oil contamination of soils in the pot experimentMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2022. 3. p.74-84read more303
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In Russia, the lands with oil contaminated soils exceed tens of thousands hectares. However, to date, there were no unified approaches to the rationing of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in soils, a guideline to choose optimal evaluation indicators. The response of plants in the pot experiment could provide significant results for assessing and rationing of PH content in soils and their use in agriculture after land remediation. In this work we assessed the response of higher plants as a marker of the direction and intensity of biological processes in soils in the pot experiment under oil contamination to justify the standards of permissible residual content of PH in soils of agricultural lands. The composition and properties of Luvic Chernozems, Calcic Chernozems, Voronic Chernozems (WRB, 2015) used in the pot experiment, which was carried out in a month after the soil contamination with crude sulfur-containing oil, were investigated. The effect of different oil doses on the bioproductivity of wheat and peas was evaluated. Wheat in terms of dry biomass showed higher sensitivity to PH, containing medium and heavy fractions, than peas. Rationing the PH content in chernozems, a nonlinear regression model described by a logistic curve was applied. The quality standard values found for wheat biomass was 0,9; 0,4; 1,0 g * kg-1 for Luvic Сhernozems (humus content ~ 9,8%, sandyloam texture); Calcic Chernozems (humus content ~7,6%, clay loam texture), Voronic Chernozems (humus content ~12.8%, loam texture), respectively. The residual PH contents, found as 30% of soil functioning change, which corresponded to the risk level of soil degradation, estimated by the soil fertility parameter — dry wheat biomass were 1,2 g·kg-1 for Voronic Chernozems; 0,5 g·kg-1 — Calcic Chernozems; 1,1 g·kg-1 in Luvic Chernozems.
Keywords: chernozems; oil contamination; ecological functions; rationing; steppe zone
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The choice of indicators for the ecological rationing of petroleum products in chestnut soilsMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2023. 2. p.94-105read more203
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Th e response of the microbial community of soils to diff erent levels of oil contamination in a model experiment was studied according to indicators: basal respiration (BR), basal induced respiration (SIR), carbon of microbial biomass (Cmic), potential denitrifi cation (DNF), methanogenesis, catalase activity. Th e soils are represented by light chestnut (Haplic Kastanozems Sodic) and meadow-chestnut (Gleyic Kastanozems Chromic) dry-steppe zone of the Stavropol area, diff ering in the organic matter content, salinity and the content of physical clay. Th e intensity of BR increased aft er 30 days of the crude oil input into the soils and caused the growth of Cmic due to the activation of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in anaerobic zones of soils. DNF varied in light chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils not directly, that was probably due to the level of organic matter content in soils and their salinity. Catalase activity was a sensitive indicator for the petroleum hydrocarbons in light chestnut soil, but salinity was the determining factor in its activity in meadow chestnut soil. Biotesting with the use of worms Eisenia fetida showed the inability of test organisms to survive in non-contaminated chestnut soils. A signifi cant indicator that did not depend on natural factors in chestnut soils was BR and related indicators. Catalase activity and DNF have limitations on the salinity factor.Keywords: oil; dry-steppe soils; respiration activity; enzymatic activity; environmental standards; soil functions
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Studies of oil- contaminated soils and forward-looking approaches to their remediatioMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2023. 4. p.83-93read more189
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Milestones in the study of oil-contaminated soils at the Faculty of Soil Science for 50 years of its foundation are dis- cussed from the prospects for the development of environmental regulation and new technologies of soil reclamation. The development of a methodological framework for the determination of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, studies of soil properties, the chemistry of oil and its components in soil and adjacent media are shown. The devel- opment of legislation on the rationing of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils is given, including the important role of the staff of Faculty of Soil Science of Moscow State University in the work out of a number of regional standards for the permissible residual content of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils is noted. The approaches to ecological rationing of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons in soils are proposed, in the aspects of natural climatic zones and the type of landuse. The importance of improving the regulatory and methodological framework and continuing work in this direction is emphasized. The necessity of research at developing technologies for reclamation of oil-contaminated lands and special use of oil-contaminated waste is indicated.
Keywords: soils; oil and petroleum hydrocarbons; rationing; reclamation; remediants; technologies
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