Sergey Alekseevich Shoba
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The reaction of higher plants to the oil contamination of soils in the pot experimentMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2022. 3. p.74-84read more323
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In Russia, the lands with oil contaminated soils exceed tens of thousands hectares. However, to date, there were no unified approaches to the rationing of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in soils, a guideline to choose optimal evaluation indicators. The response of plants in the pot experiment could provide significant results for assessing and rationing of PH content in soils and their use in agriculture after land remediation. In this work we assessed the response of higher plants as a marker of the direction and intensity of biological processes in soils in the pot experiment under oil contamination to justify the standards of permissible residual content of PH in soils of agricultural lands. The composition and properties of Luvic Chernozems, Calcic Chernozems, Voronic Chernozems (WRB, 2015) used in the pot experiment, which was carried out in a month after the soil contamination with crude sulfur-containing oil, were investigated. The effect of different oil doses on the bioproductivity of wheat and peas was evaluated. Wheat in terms of dry biomass showed higher sensitivity to PH, containing medium and heavy fractions, than peas. Rationing the PH content in chernozems, a nonlinear regression model described by a logistic curve was applied. The quality standard values found for wheat biomass was 0,9; 0,4; 1,0 g * kg-1 for Luvic Сhernozems (humus content ~ 9,8%, sandyloam texture); Calcic Chernozems (humus content ~7,6%, clay loam texture), Voronic Chernozems (humus content ~12.8%, loam texture), respectively. The residual PH contents, found as 30% of soil functioning change, which corresponded to the risk level of soil degradation, estimated by the soil fertility parameter — dry wheat biomass were 1,2 g·kg-1 for Voronic Chernozems; 0,5 g·kg-1 — Calcic Chernozems; 1,1 g·kg-1 in Luvic Chernozems.
Keywords: chernozems; oil contamination; ecological functions; rationing; steppe zone
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The choice of indicators for the ecological rationing of petroleum products in chestnut soilsMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2023. 2. p.94-105read more217
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Th e response of the microbial community of soils to diff erent levels of oil contamination in a model experiment was studied according to indicators: basal respiration (BR), basal induced respiration (SIR), carbon of microbial biomass (Cmic), potential denitrifi cation (DNF), methanogenesis, catalase activity. Th e soils are represented by light chestnut (Haplic Kastanozems Sodic) and meadow-chestnut (Gleyic Kastanozems Chromic) dry-steppe zone of the Stavropol area, diff ering in the organic matter content, salinity and the content of physical clay. Th e intensity of BR increased aft er 30 days of the crude oil input into the soils and caused the growth of Cmic due to the activation of oil-oxidizing microorganisms in anaerobic zones of soils. DNF varied in light chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils not directly, that was probably due to the level of organic matter content in soils and their salinity. Catalase activity was a sensitive indicator for the petroleum hydrocarbons in light chestnut soil, but salinity was the determining factor in its activity in meadow chestnut soil. Biotesting with the use of worms Eisenia fetida showed the inability of test organisms to survive in non-contaminated chestnut soils. A signifi cant indicator that did not depend on natural factors in chestnut soils was BR and related indicators. Catalase activity and DNF have limitations on the salinity factor.Keywords: oil; dry-steppe soils; respiration activity; enzymatic activity; environmental standards; soil functions
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Experience in creating an information system for the rational use of soil resourcesMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2023. 4. p.14-28Sergey A. Shoba Irina O. Alyabina Oleg M.Golozubov Peter Al. Chekmaryov Sergey V. Lukin Olga V. Chernova Varvara M. Kolesnikovaread more176
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Keywords: distributed information system; agricultural and soil data centers; Big Data analysis; digital economy ; digital agriculture; cartographic and attributive soil data
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