The peculiarities of hydrocarbons’ transformation in the dry steppe soils in conditions of oil contamination

Abstract

The patterns of transformation of n-alkanes as biomarkers were studied to assess the transformation of petroleum products (NP) in oil-contaminated soils of the chestnut range (Stavropol region) in dynamics. The patterns of hydrocarbons conversion in oil-contaminated soils are revealed, and the possibility of launching self-purification processes based on the results of an assessment of the composition of NP was shown. Medium-molecular n-alkanes were dominated in the oil composition. The absence of high-molecular weight n-alkanes (heavy fractions) and the presence of liquid ones (a part of the kerosene fraction) were the main feature of the hydrocarbon state in background uncontaminated soils. This indicated the existing regional background in the content of NP in soils. Homologous series of n-alkanes of freshly oil-contaminated soil samples included compounds with a number of carbon atoms from C11 to C40, which contain markers of organic matter of hydrobiont genesis (C15, C17, C19), markers of organic matter of bacterial genesis (C20–C25) and markers of terrigenous humic organic matter (C27, C29, C31). Normal alkanes with the long carbon chain C20–C25 and C26–C40 were represented in almost equal proportions with a slight predominance of the latter. It was shown that after 4 months from the moment of crude oil contamination, the results of soil self-purification were recorded, leading to a change in the composition of n-alkanes. The biodegradation of n-alkanes in soils was confirmed by an increase in the carbon of microbial biomass in oil-contaminated soils relative to background analogues. The nature of the distribution of even and odd homologues of n-alkanes, the amount of the sum of odd n-alkanes (ΣC27, C29, C31) are advisable to evaluate along with the total content of NP, when choosing background analogues of soils.

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