Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil Science

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Test responses of plants and microorganisms to polymer-based soil amendments under conditions of model multi-element contamination of agro-sodd-podzolic soil

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

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The effect of polymer soil amendments on changes in toxicity of agro-sod-podzolic soil spiked with a complex of heavy metals (HM) has been characterized. Hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (HYPAN) and a binary composition of HYPAN+potassium humate (HYPAN+PH, 1:10) were applied at a rate of 0.2% (on a dry matter basis) to soils with model contamination by Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at levels of 2, 4, and 6 approximate permissible concentrations (APC). Samples without ameliorant treatment served as a control for all soil pollution levels. The effect of polymer formulations on reducing the toxicity of heavy metals manifested to varying degrees depending on the level of soil contamination. The bacterial standard bioluminescent biotest and phytotesting on the seedlings of higher plants Sinapis alba L. showed a positive effect of the HYPAN+PH composition at the highest contamination level, 6 APC. Bioindication of the functional state of soil microbiota showed that ameliorants lowered the microbial metabolic coefficient (to an acceptable level of 2 µg C-CO₂ mg⁻¹·Cmic·h⁻¹), which is important evidence of their positive effect on the soil microbial community. Laboratory biotesting of uncontaminated soil, as well as at relatively low levels of HM contamination, revealed the toxicity of the aqueous extract of samples with ameliorants (inhibiting root growth and quenching bioluminescence in bacterial bioassay). In light of the findings of this study, it is recommended that further analyses should be conducted before suggesting the use of tested ameliorants for the detoxification of polluted soils.

Keywords: biotesting; ecotoxicity; Sinapis alba; remediation; heavy metals; hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile; potassium humate

Bioenergetic stability of organic matter in forest and grassland soil (Haplic luvisol)

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

Ekaterina An. Filimonenko Natalia P. Samokhina Irina N. Kurganova V. O. Lopes de Gerenyu Maria Al. Uporova Ekaterina Al. Arbuzova Lada G. Sokolova Svetlana Yur. Zorina Nikolay V. Dorofeev Yakov V. Kuzyakov

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6

Soil cover structure and agrochemical state changes in Belarusian Рolesie over a 50-year period on the example of an experimental agricultural landscape

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

Alice Al. Benko A. L. Kindeev Alexander N. Chervan Alexey Al. Sazonov

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7

The article presents the results of the study of the dynamics of changes in agrochemical parameters of soils and soil cover structure changes as a result of hydrotechnical melioration, using the example of the experimental site of the agricultural organization “Bobrik”. It was established that over a 50-year period, the reaction of the soil changed from slightly acidic pH_KCl 5.5–6.0 (68.8% of the area of the farm under study (530 ha)) to neutral (pH_KCl 7.0–7.5) and slightly alkaline (рН_KCl 7.5–8.0), while the optimum for sandy soils is 5.5–5.8 рН_KCl. Optimum values were reached for potassium content in 2022, after many years of chemical treatment of the site as a whole, and 48.5% of the territory for phosphorus did not reach the range of optimal values. Analysis of the structure of the soil cover showed that the number of soil contours increased from 58 to 172 during economic use, and the average area of the ESA decreased from 15.93 ha to 6.34 ha. An increase in the heterogeneity of the soil cover leads to an even more active redistribution of substances, including excessive accumulation of fertilizers. Based on the calculated morphometric coefficients of the soil cover structure, it was established that only 146 ha (13.9% of the site area) can be effectively used as arable land for the restoration and rational use of the studied agrocenosis. Taking into account the agrochemical potential of lands recommended for removal from agricultural production due to very high heterogeneity of the soil cover, their area is reduced from 72.5 ha to 23.2 ha due to the inclusion of elementary plots with agrochemical parameters sufficient for meadow use.

Keywords: soil properties; soil cover structure; degradation; reclamation; agrochemical potential; morphometric indicators

Paleocryolithopedogenesis and differentiation of chernozems the center of the European part of Russia for microrelief

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

Andrey Yu. Ovchinnikov Olga S. Khokhlova Pavel Iv. Kalinin

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7

The results of morphogenetic studies of soils in the forest-steppe zone (Venevsky district of the Tula region) are presented. Soils are formed under conditions of paleocryogenic microrelief, represented by blocks and interblocks, on which the soils differ in a number of morphological and physico-chemical characteristics, allowing them to be classified as leached slightly covered medium-depth slightly humus (Luvic Chernozems) and podzolic deep-gley medium-depth slightly humus (Luvic Phaeozems), respectively. They are formed on paleocryogenically transformed soil-forming rocks, have passed the stage of a complex process — cryolithopedogenesis, and soils on different microrelief elements should be considered as a genetically related two-unit body. A comprehensive methodological approach based on macro- and micro-studies of soil features allowed us to identify soil combinations (complexes and spots) in the structure of the soil cover. However, since this territory has passed the stage of periglacial cryogenic transformation, and the soils were formed on a paleocryogenic microrelief, the term "paleocryolithogenic" soil combinations is proposed for such and similar territories.
The concept of the role of cryolithogenic processes in the Late Pleistocene, which determined the formation, evolution and differentiation of modern chernozems in the center of the East European Plain, is proposed.

Keywords: pedogenesis; paleopedogenesis; soil-forming rocks; Late Pleistocene; Holocene; soil combinations.

Ecotoxicokinetics as a section of ecotoxicology (review)

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

Galina I. Agapkina Valeria V. Stolbova Alexey I. Shcheglov Denis N. Lipatov Dmitry V. Monakhov

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The review discusses the main achievements of ecotoxicokinetics as a section of ecotoxicology in research of patterns of ecotoxicants distribution, accumulation and transformation in the environment and the influence of these processes on manifestation of toxic effects in ecosystems. The paper indicates the role of ecotoxicokinetics in the development of methods for removing ecotoxicants from ecosystems using biotransformation and bioaccumulation and improvement environmental pollution monitoring. Special attention is paid to current study of the behavior of pharmaceuticals, microplastics and nanoparticles in ecosystem components, analysis of problems encountered and approaches to their solution within the framework of ecotoxicokinetics.

Keywords: sources; distribution; bioaccumulation; biotransformation; removal of ecotoxicants; pollution monitoring; ecosystem remediation; pharmaceuticals; nanoparticles; microplastics

Abandoned fallow croplands: historical background and modern aspects (review)

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 2.

Viktor F. Basevich Natalia A. Kulikova Vladimir V. Fisenko

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The historical and modern concepts of fallow lands (abandoned cropland), the causes of their occurrence and some features of their functioning are considered. The main stages of the development of abandoned cropland are highlighted from the perspective of a consistent change of vegetation in agrophytocenoses that arise after the cessation of soil cultivation. The literature data and existing approaches to assessing the land area of arable land withdrawn from agricultural circulation are analyzed. The prospects of using abandoned fallow lands both in the agricultural sector of agricultural production and in the broader ecosystem plan are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that deposits of different ages are, in fact, chronological sequences of various dynamic biogeocenoses with actively transforming plant and soil components, which make it possible to assess, among other things, the rate of soil formation and degradation processes.

Keywords: abandoned fallow croplands; field agrocenosis; biogeocenosis; ecosystem; successions; degradation

Overview

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science.

Inna I. Tolpeshta

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158

Above-ground detritus characteristics in connection with vegetation in conditions of Сhashnikovo Ecological Center Ecosystems

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 1. p.133-144

Valeria M. Telesnina Lev G. Bogatyrev M. A. Podvezennaya Vasily An. Kuznetsov Olga V. Semenyuk Anna I. Benediktova

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226

The features of vegetation and terrestrial detritus within the boundaries of the Chashnikovo UOPEC in the upper reaches of the Klyazma River have been studied, theses ecosystems corresponding with coniferous-deciduous forests conditions. Based on the ecological scales of L.G. Ramensky and E. Landolt, as well as the ecological-cenotic classification of A.A. Nitsenko, a grouping of terrestrial ecosystems differing in trophic and humidification levels was obtained by the method of main components. Within the studied territory, based on the ecological and cenotic structure of living ground cover, three groups of phytocenoses were identified — moderately wet forest phytocenoses with a predominance of spruce, wet forests with a predominance of small–leaved species, as well as phytocenoses of dryland and floodplain meadows. For all sampling points, the classification and stocks of litter, as well as their spatial distribution within the phytocenosis, were assessed. The studied ecosystems vary significantly in litter stocks from high values in the tree trunk spaces of spruce forests – about 5 kgm-2 – to extremely low values – less than 0.5 kgm-2 — in upland and floodplain meadows, which determines the high heterogeneity of potential carbon accumulation within the territory. The typological affiliation of litter is interconnected with stocks only at the biogeocenotic level in relation to spruce forests, but this pattern does not work at a higher level when considering ecosystems at the landscape level.

Keywords: coniferous-deciduous forests subzone; living ground cover; ecological scales

Correlation between morfometry features and soil taxonomy indexes on the example of chernozems on the left bank of Don river (Voronegh region)

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 1. p.122-132

Lukyan An. Mirny Yulia. L. Meshalkina Daria Al. Zhulidova Sergey Yur. Rozov Zlata Ig. Bondar

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213

Approximately one third of the scientific publications dedicated to digital soil mapping includes morphometric variables as predictors for soil cover models. For each specific territory with its own set of specific landforms, a unique set of significant morphometric variables is needed to describe the features of such a complex system as soil cover, selected directly with the research tasks. Thus, the aim of this research is to find relationships between soils taxa as vell as its morphological features determining soil diagnostic at different taxonomic levels, and morphometric variables in the case study for the farmlands soil cover on the left bank of the Don River in the Voronezh region, Liskinsky district. Soil cover consists not only of bleached, leached, and typical chernozems, but also chernozem-like meadow soil. Methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics confirm that the most important morphometric variables influencing all analyzed soil properties with diagnostic importance for determining soil allocations are catchment area, vertical curvature and minimum curvature. The largest number of correlations between morphometric variables and soil properties occurs at maximum level of model generalization in the range of 17 m, 51 m, 102 m, 306 m.

Keywords: DEM; curvature; chernozem; Geomorphology

Environmental toxicology as finterdisciplinary scientific direction: origins and contemporary experience (review)

Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 1. p.107-121

Galina I. Agapkina Valeria V. Stolbova Alexey I. Shcheglov Denis N. Lipatov Tatyana A. Paramonova Dmitry V. Monakhov

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213

The article analyses the historical development of ecotoxicology as a young interdisciplinary branch of environmental sciences that uses the entire arsenal of knowledge of natural and exact sciences to create its theoretical framework, terms, tasks, and research methods. The paper describes the achievements, current trends and actual directions of development of ecotoxicology considering their theoretical and practical significance. Nowadays ecotoxicology has formed a set of data on effects and behaviors of ecotoxicants in populations and communities of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This set of data is at the heart of the theoretical foundation of the doctrine on functioning of biosystems under ecotoxicological stress, assessment of systems conditions by bioindication and bioassay techniques, approaches to develop of ecotoxicants regulation within the framework of the concept of acceptable environmental impact on ecosystems. Special attention is paid to multi-vector nature of ecotoxicological research, its cooperation with other areas of science and technology and contribution to the solution of environmental, economic and political challenges of our time.

Keywords: chemical pollution; ecotoxicant; ecotoxic effect; organisms; populations; ecosystems; bioindication; biotesting; environmental regulation; nanoparticles; microplastic

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