Natalia Viktorovna Kostina

This research based on both direct and seeding methods revealed high bacteria concentration on bogs plants: Carex nigra, Eriophorum vaginatum, Drosera rotundifolia, Ledum palustre. There was identified a correlation between bacteria number and investigated plants’ organs. Proteobacteria dominated in phyllosphere, bacilli and actinomycetes - in rizoplane and rhizospheric soil. Representatives of the genus Pseudomonas and Erwinia dominated in phyllosphere. Nitrogenase activity of bacterial populations in rhizosphere soil was high and reached the maximum in Drosera rhizospheric soil.

The effects of the crane-fly larvae (Diptera, Tipulidae) on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, as well as the activity of the processes of transformation of nitrogen and carbon in the soil, were studied. It has been established that the rate of nitrogen fixation, denitrification and methanogenesis significantly increases as a result of the life activity of larvae in the soil, the indices of functional diversity (the number of consumed substrates, the metabolic work) and the stability of the microbial complex increase.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the structural and functional characteristics of the microbial communities of the gray forest soil of fallow and intensively cultivated areas. Long-term anthropogenic impact with massive annual mineral fertilization when growing a monoculture of potatoes has led to the degradation of the soil microbial system. A catastrophic decrease in the functional potential of the microbial system (environmental services) is shown using eco-exergy as a thermodynamic indicator of the “health” of the soil.