Elena Vladimirovna Dabakhova

One of the tasks set when establishing the fact of inappropriate use of agricultural land in the framework of law
enforcement practice is to determine the period of non-use of land for agricultural purposes. As the most accessible
methods that can be used to determine the age of a fallow in the absence of documented data on the history of the
land plot and aerial and space survey materials is the study of the vegetation cover formed on the studied sites during
the postagrogenic succession and the transformation of the arable horizon.
In the course of a study conducted on the territory of agricultural lands located within the Kurgan region, it was
found that the exact determination of the period of non-use of land is possible using dendrochronology methods in
the presence of trees on the site. In addition, the study of the species composition of grassy vegetation allowed us to
identify a number of communities belonging to the successive stages of development of postagrogenic succession:
weedy, the stage of rhizomatous cereals, the stage of transition from rhizomatous to loose-turf cereal grasses, however,
it is not possible to accurately determine the duration of these stages. At the same time, a comparative analysis
of the species composition of various areas of grassy vegetation, as well as the thickness and composition of the sod,
allows us to establish the similarity of two or more sites, one of which has woody vegetation, which is a marker of
the age of the fallow and in neighboring areas.
Thus, the main feature that allows you to determine the age of a fallow on the land plot is the age of the existing
woody vegetation. As an additional feature that allows determining a single contour of a deposit of a certain age,
the species composition of the herbaceous biocenosis, the degree of development and the composition of the sod
can be used.

Ratuioning of the content of hazardous substances in soil as an object of environmental protection in the Russian Federation is provided by a set of normative acts establishing the principles of assessment, approaches to the use of soils of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation, the level of their pollution, at which the responsibility of the land user for violation of legislation on soil protection occurs. The analysis of normative acts shows that the most stringent pollution regulation system has been established in Russia, which is based on determining the compliance of the content of chemical elements and compounds in soils with sanitary and hygienic standards in the territories of settlements and agricultural lands. On other lands, as a standard, the excess of which leads to the onset of economic responsibility for pollution, the value of the concentration of the pollutant in the adjacent territory of a similar purpose and type of use, which is not adversely affected by a specific type of violation, is applied. At the same time, chemical elements and compounds are considered as pollutants, regardless of their origin, degree of danger and biological significance. The application of this approach within the framework of law enforcement practice creates significant problems in establishing the fact of negative impact, calculating the amount of damage from pollution, and developing measures for soil remediation. Thus, the current regulations consider as pollutants substances of natural origin, including those that ensure soil fertility and are applied with mineral and organic fertilizers. The use of the background level of substances as the maximum permissible value does not take into account the natural variability of elements and compounds in soils, as well as the errors of their chemical analysis. The excessive rigidity of the applicable standards is the reason for the increased costs of soil remediation measures.

The way out of this situation is to revise the rationing system, taking into account the biological significance of elements and compounds, and the need to introduce a multi-level system of soil quality indicators. There is a need to improve the conceptual framework as part of regulatory documents on soil protection.