Chernikova Natalia Petrovna

This work aimed to study the effect of sorbents on the phytotoxicity of soils of heaps by changing the values of germination energy and seed viability, as well as morphometric indicators of model plants.Three dumps were selected as the objects of research – two rock dumps (Kalinin mine, Zaperevalnaya mine and one dump of a central processing plant (Chumakovskaya CPP), located on the territory of the Donetsk coal basin within the city of Donetsk, Donetsk People's Republic. Soil of heaps was used for laboratory modeling, as well as soil with the addition of biochar (1%) and layered MgFe-LDH double hydroxide (0.5%). Festuca rubra L. and Trifolium rubens L. were used as test cultures. It was found that the phytotoxicity of technogenic ecotopes had an inhibitory effect on the seed viability and germination energy of the seeds of both test crops. The greatest phytotoxic effect was found for embryozems of the Chumakovskaya CPP, where the decrease in seed viability and germination energy was 83–92% relative to the control. The most sensitive indicators were the length and mass of the root. The submission of sorbents, especially MgFe-LDH, contributed to a decrease in phytotoxicity, most pronounced on the embryozemsof the Chumakovskaya CPP, which was confirmed by the positive dynamics of morphometric parameters. According to the integral toxicity index, the rock of the dump of the Chumakovskaya CPP is assigned to hazard class I (extremely high toxicity), while the dumps of coal mines are classified as low toxicity or normal. The greatest positive effect was fixed with the use of MgFe-LDH, which not only stimulated growth processes, but also contributed to the transition of the substrate to the category of a lower hazard class.