Maria Valeryevna Konyushkova
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Comparative description of soils and vegetative cover of tombolos on the costs of the White and Baltic seasMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2023. 1. p.3-15read more731
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We studied the soils and vegetation cover of tombolo – bridges between the mainland and small islands on the coasts of the White and Baltic Seas. Tombolo are characterized by complex dynamics of sedimentation that determines a high level of heterogeneity of soils and associated vegetation cover. At the Kolezhma plot on the White Sea coast, ground- and surface-gley marsh soils are formed. Vegetation corresponds to marsh meadows of the lower and middle levels, and varies depending on salinity, acidity level and soil texture. At the Gakkovo plot on the Baltic Sea coast, soils are characterized by greater uniformity; in general, they have a sandy texture. The influence of the Baltic Sea on the soil and vegetation cover is significantly lower than that of the White Sea due to the weakly pronounced tidal dynamics of the Baltic Sea.
Keywords: tidal zone; marsh meadows; thalassogenic sediments; marsh soils; Gleysols; Stagnosols; Histosols; Arenosols
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Pedogenetic analysis of xerometamorphic horizons of chestnut soils of the Northern Caspian Sea plainMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2024. 4. p.184-203read more172
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The paper characterizes the profiles of virgin chestnut soils and solonetz in the north of the Caspian lowland adjacent to the Djanibek reserve. The objective of the study was to analyze the morphology, physical properties and chemical and mineralogical composition of the so-called xerometamorphic horizons of chestnut soils in the research area. The initial hypothesis was the general genetic similarity of xerometamorphic horizons with natric horizons in the corresponding conjugate soils. With the general similarity of morphological features, mineralogical and chemical composition of these horizons, there was a significant difference in the content of exchangeable sodium and in the presence of signs of clay illuviation in the natric horizons. It is suggested that xerometamorphic horizons reflect the initial stages of formation of alkaline soils, further diluted by divergent pedogenesis. The proposal of a number of specialists on the allocation of the BMK horizon in soils used in agriculture and, accordingly, the type of agro-soils is supported.Keywords: soil classifi cation; diagnostic horizons; dry steppe; relict features of soils; mineralogy of clay fraction; soil micromorphology; Kastanozems; Solonetz
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