Emma Anatolyevna Gaeva

The use of multidimensional statistics methods in soil science makes it possible to simplify the interpretation of the results and determine the most important parameters for characterizing the processes occurring in the soil. Based on the analysis of the main components, an analysis of the physical and chemical properties of migration-segregation chernozem (Calcic Chernozem) on the watershed, migration-segregation agrochernozems on the gentle slope of the southeastern exposure and dark humus stratozem was carried out. Based on the distribution of agrophysical and agrochemical indicators of chernozems in the space of the main components (РC), four РC were identified. The first group reflects the relationship between the agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil, revealing the interdependence between microaggregates, on the one hand, and organic carbon and macronutrients, on the other. The second group characterizes the dynamic equilibrium of the soil structure, reflected in the processes of decomposition and formation of aggregates, expressed in an inverse relationship: the formation of mesoaggregates with a size of 1‒3 mm is associated with the destruction of macroaggregates with a diameter of >10 mm. The genetic horizons of the chernozem of the watershed are located relatively compactly and close to the axes of the coordinate system, which indicates common or similar agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil. Horizons of dark humus stratozem occupy extreme positions in the coordinate system relative to the coordinate axes, this confirms a significant difference in the properties of surface and deeper horizons, where soil formation processes are much weaker and these horizons are located in the region of negative values for РC1 and РC2, whereas surface horizons are located in the region of negative values only for РC1. In arable and sub-arable horizons of agrochernozems, the values of chemical parameters vary widely, and this indicates the intensity of biochemical processes, and in their deep layers, starting from 60-80 cm, the changes are insignificant. The third and fourth РC reveal the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the soil and pH.