Vladimir Vladimirovich Fisenko
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Abandoned fallow croplands: historical background and modern aspects (review)Moscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. Vol. 80. N 2. p.5-21read more377
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The historical and modern concepts of fallow lands (abandoned cropland), the causes of their occurrence and some features of their functioning are considered. The main stages of the development of abandoned cropland are highlighted from the perspective of a consistent change of vegetation in agrophytocenoses that arise after the cessation of soil cultivation. The literature data and existing approaches to assessing the land area of arable land withdrawn from agricultural circulation are analyzed. The prospects of using abandoned fallow lands both in the agricultural sector of agricultural production and in the broader ecosystem plan are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that deposits of different ages are, in fact, chronological sequences of various dynamic biogeocenoses with actively transforming plant and soil components, which make it possible to assess, among other things, the rate of soil formation and degradation processes.
Keywords: abandoned fallow croplands; field agrocenosis; biogeocenosis; ecosystem; successions; degradation
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Morphogenesis of sod-podzolic soils in fallow conditionsMoscow University Bulletin. Series 17. Soil science. 2025. N 3. p.70-78read more124
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The features of the morphological organization of sod-podzolic soils are considered using the example of age-diverse deposits operating in various ecological and genetic conditions. Separate phases of transformation of the soil material of the former arable horizon are identified, associated with the stages of overgrowth of fallow lands. Attention is paid to the resistance of sod-podzolic soils, on the one hand, to agropedoturbation, and, on the other, to the action of zonal factors of soil formation in the postagrogenic period, depending on the degree of soil cultivation in the previous time. It is shown that by the age of 20‒30, the upper part of the profile shows traces of the effects of gilding and eluvial-gley processes, which are reflected in the specific features of the structure of the soil stratum — the appearance of interlayers and spots of podzolized material with characteristic horizontal layering, the appearance of humus nodules, ferruginous-manganese compounds and lightening of the entire material of the former arable horizon.Keywords: postagrogenic transformation; cultivation; arable horizon; degradation
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