Maxim Sergeevich Kadulin

For landscape conditions in the upper reaches of the river Klyazma, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow region, the height and reserves of snow cover were investigated, and the chemical composition of the snow was determined. The basis for considering the component composition of snow cover was the geochemical taxonomy of chemical elements based on the characteristics of water migration and abundance.

Data from 23 snow sampling points were interpolated in SAGA GIS using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. On this basis, zones differing in the chemical composition of snow are identified. One of the zones is confined to the M-10 Moscow-St. Petersburg highway, while the second borders on populated areas. The area close to the highway is characterized by increased levels of calcium, sodium, aluminum, and chloride ions in the snow cover. The second zone, bordering populated areas, is characterized by a high content of calcium, copper, and manganese in the snow. For the third zone, low concentrations of components in the snow were observed, which are characteristic of a superaquatic landscape due to the distance from sources of pollution.

The studied composition of snow waters belongs to the bicarbonate-sodium-calcium-chloride class. It has been shown that the height and reserves of snow cover are partially controlled by two factors: the type of elementary landscape and the type of ecosystem. Against this background, the spatial distribution of concentrations of elements and anions in snow is predominantly controlled by the anthropogenic factor.

The influence of recreation on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in the litter and upper mineral horizons of soils of larch stands in Izmailovsky Park, Moscow, was studied. The objects of study - a recreationally disturbed larch forest (third stage of digression) and a control larch forest (first stage of digression). The following indicators were determined: carbon and nitrogen reserves in all litter subhorizons, as well as in different fractions of subhorizon L, reserves of total and labile C and N in the 0–10 cm layer of the mineral part of the soil profile. It has been shown that under recreational load, the accumulative role of litter decreases compared to the control, and the difference in the reserves of C and N in litter by the components of tesserae is leveled out. The decrease in the reserves of C and N in litter is determined by the decrease in the total reserves of the litter itself. Significant losses of C and N from the humified and fermentative litter subhorizons due to recreation were detected. Maximum C and N losses from the litter correspond to the near-trunk spaces. Within the L-F-H litter profile, maximum losses are observed in the humified subhorizon in the sub- and inter-crown spaces. Under recreational loads corresponding to the third stage of soil degradation, no changes in C and N accumulation in the upper mineral soil horizon were recorded.